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C H A P T E R  32

PHENOMENOLOGY
& EXISTENTIALISM

 

EDMUND HUSSERL


 

Edmund Husserl (1859–1938)


German mathematician and philosopher

 

 

 

 

MARTIN HEIDEGGER

 

 

 

Martin Heidegger (1889–1976)


German Nazi

 


Being and Time

 

1.   Why something rather than nothing?

 

 

 

JEAN-PAUL SARTRE
 

Beauvoir, Sartre and Che Guevara, 1960, Cuba

 

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980)


French existentialist philosopher, writer, and political activist.

 

 

LIFE 

 

Born in Paris.

In 1939 he went to war.

In 1940 the Germans captured him.

 

 



 

 

Existentialism is Humanism: (1945)

 

1.   Descartes subjectivity is his starting point.

      There is no picture behind the picture (Fallini).

      Although embarrassment and shame imply other minds.

      When other minds intrude, we respond by dominating them, or being dominated.

      Relationships are parasitic.

2.   There is no God, so everything is permissible.

3.   Existence precedes essence.

     Atheism is incompatible with essences preceding existence.

     At first we are nothing. (tabula rosa)

     Than we create and define yourself through our actions.

4.   We are radically free.

     Bad faith is covering up our freedom with determinism and universal rules.

     Seeking to conceal our freedom entails that we recognize it.  

5.   We are responsible for mankind and ourselves.

6.   The result is anguish, forlorn, and despair.

 


 

3.   My Position:

 

            At first you are empty- not nothing.

            Than your epoch creates/defines you.

            Only philosophers and nihilists create/define themselves.

            Creating/defining yourself requires that you go back to your emptiness.

            Now you're alone, destitute, alienated, with no one to turn to.

            No universal rule or book can help you define yourself.

 

Sartre has confused his own philosophical nature with the condition that everyone is in. It is not a commonplace condition. It is only the condition of philosophers and nihilists.

  

 

 

 

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