J O H N   C H I A P P O N E

T H E A T R E


 


The word theatre was derived from the Ancient Greek word theatron - meaning "the seeing place" - where the audience sits.

The word thespian was derived from the first known Greek actor Thespis. In ancient Greek theatre the chorus narrated the entire story, and there were no actors. It's said that Thespis suddenly stepped out from the chorus, and he spoke the dialogue as if he was the character, and acting was born in the West. 
 


Greek Mask

Ancient Theatre
 

William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616)
English poet and playwright
 

It is said that Shakespeare invented 1,700 words. Is this really true?

Interesting Quotes by Shakespeare:

All the world‘s a stage, and all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts. (As You Like it)
 

Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player, that struts and frets his hour upon the stage, and then is heard no more; it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. (Macbeth)
 

This life, which had been the tomb of his virtue and of his honor, is but a walking shadow; a poor player, that struts and frets his hour upon the stage, and then is heard no more: it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. (Macbeth)
 

Method Acting

Questions:

Where do I come from?
Where am I going?
Who am I?
What's my motivation?
Why am I here?

 

.
Constantin Stanislavski
 (1863 – 1938), Russian

Stanislavski was the first to create a system of method acting where actors analyze their character's motives and emotions. An actress might recall emotions or sensations from her life, and portray them in her character.

Method acting was popularized in the United States by the Group Theatre in New York City in the 1930s.

Collaborate
Apply the Questions to your Life.

 

Lee Strasberg (1901–1982)
The Godfather Part 2 - Hyman Roth
 


Improvisation

Affective Memory


QUESTIONS:

What is bad acting?
What is good acting?
Are people acting their lives?

 

 


Strasberg's method of sense memory and affective memory  has actors recall their own personal experiences, and incorporate them in their characters.

Strasberg's students include: James Dean, Paul Newman, Al Pacino, Dustin Hoffman, Alec Baldwin, Robert De Niro, Jane Fonda, and Dennis Hopper.
 

Examples of Bad Acting

Sometimes bad acting can be good:

Big Bang Theory - We can see that Raj is acting because people don't get drunk after one sip. They don't try to slur their words, and try to stagger - they try not to. It's a comedy, so these things makes it funnier, and the acting doesn't matter.

Jim Carrey plays Ace Ventura

Dumb and Dumber
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind is a romantic science-fiction comedy-drama about an couple who fall in love, and can't bear the pain of the breakup, so they have their memories erased. The special-effects, acting and cinematography are outstanding.

The film is based a science experiment with mice where they induced memory loss with drugs, but also discovered that they could cause memories that never happened. To learn more, listen to Radiolab.
http://www.radiolab.org/story/91569-memory-and-forgetting/

The title of the film is a quotation from the poem Eloisa to Abelard by Alexander Pope.


Examples of Great Acting

Jamie Foxx plays Ray
Ray Charles - Ray Charles - Hit The Road Jack (Original)

Robert De Niro Awakenings

No Country for Old Men - Anton Chigurh played by Javier Bardem

My Left Foot - Daniel Day Lewis

Daniel Day-Lewis in Lincoln
Where did Daniel Day-Lewis get the voice of Lincoln? When I put the question to Google, and it said, "But, unfortunately, no recordings of Lincoln's voice exist, since he died 12 years before Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, the first device to record and play back sound." This is not a good argument. Although the phonograph was the first device to record and play back sound, it was not the first device to be able to record sound. The phonautograph is the earliest known device for recording sound - invented by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville. It was patented on March 25, 1857. Lincoln died in 1865. Although the device was capable of recording sound, it was not able to play it back. This observation might have been the cause of the rumor that a recording was made of the President. 

Where did  Daniel Day Lewis get Lincoln's voice? In this interview, Lewis referred to the voice as the fingerprint of the soul.

 

Sanford Meisner (1905 – 1997)

Be in the moment.

Be spontaneous.

Act from instinct.

Act from imagination.

MASTER CLASS I

 


Meisner broke from Strasberg and Stanislavski, and argued that recalling personal experiences caused actors to focus on themselves - not the story or character. He sought to free actors by fully immersing them in the moment, and concentrating on their partners. For Meisner spontaneity and improvisation creates a sense of reality that he described as, "living truthfully under imaginary circumstances."
 

 

Stella Adler
(1901 – 1992)

Russian Actor / Director

 

Believe the situation.

Acting is doing.

Act from imagination.

 

 


Stella Adler, a student of Stanislavski, also broke with Strasberg. She believed that actors should conjure up emotions through the scene's circumstances - not your personal memories. Adler's technique seeks to stimulate the actor's imagination.

Her students included: Marlon Brando, Warren Beatty, and Robert De Niro
 

 

PLOT

Freytag's Pyramid

(VIDEO)

FREYTAG'S PYRAMID

Gustav Freytag was a German writer who used Aristotle's theory of tragedy to create a model of the story plot. Freytag's pyramid divides a drama into five parts: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and denouement.
 

1. EXPOSITION - Background information

    a. The Characters are introduced.
         The protagonist is the main character.

    b. The setting is revealed.

    c. The background information is given.

    d. The problem is introduced.


2. COMPLICATION - Conflict / Problem

    a. Rising Action / Suspense (Protagonist confronts Problem)

    b. Climax (Problem solved - highest emotional intensity)

    c. Falling Action - Results of the climax. The book considers this the Denouement.


3. DENOUEMENT - Resolution / Conclusion
    a. Loose ends are tied up.
    b. Things are explained.

 

 

 

   
 notes
 

 

 

TYPES OF THEATRE

1. TRAGEDY
- unhappy ending
- based on the hero’s flaw
- It questions if we have freewill, or is destiny in control?


Example:
Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, ends tragically with deaths that were caused by Romeo's impulsive thoughtless actions. He kills Tybalt, and he and Juliet both die unnecessarily. He claims to already be in love with Rosaline, and then falls in love at first sight with Juliet.



2. COMEDY(Greek Word Komoidia)

Comedy of Character – Satire / Ridicule of Individuals

Example - Dave Chapelle Prince


Comedy of Manners – Satire / Ridicule of Conventions

Example - Brazil


3. TRAGICOMEDY - Harold And Maude


4. MELODRAMA - Plot and action take precedence over character development. Good triumphs at the last minute.

Example - Taken


5. PERFORMANCE ART:

- Influenced by the pop art of the 60's
- a critique of commercialism
- controversial and rebellious

Examples:

Charlie Todd
A happenings is a type of performance art.

Tape Face

Buddha With 1000 Hands
China Disabled Peoples Performance Art Troupe


Kathy Rose/The Cathedral of Emptiness

Kathy Rose/Oriental Interplay

Kathy Rose/She Excerpt

Kathy Rose/Syncopations

Kathy Rose/Excerpt Queen of the Fluids


Kagemu

 

6. MUSICAL

Example:
- Moulin Rouge
- The Wizard of Oz
-
The Sound of Music
 


STAGE TYPES


 



LIGHTING


Additive Color Mixing

  1. The color theory we studied is called subtractive color where red, yellow, and blue are the primary colors. We mix those colors to create the other colors.

  2. With additive color we mix different colored lights. We mix red, green and blue light to produce the other colors; these are the primary colors. Combining two of these colors in equal amounts produces an additive secondary color. Blue light plus green light produces cyan. Magenta is created by mixing red and blue in equal amounts, and yellow is the result of mixing green and red light. Combining all three primary colored lights in equal intensities produces white.

On the Magic of Theatrical Lighting
David Hockney
 



COSTUME DESIGN
 

Lion King

Official Site

Tony Award Winning Lion King
Music by Elton John, lyrics by Tim Rice, director and costume design by Julie Taymor.

 

cirque du soleil

Parade the Circle / 2004

Hans Silvester:
Omo People: Otra Vez | African Tribal

 



VERISIMILITUDE -

True to life - as things could happen - not did happen.
Does the movie
Titanic have verisimilitude? The story is Romeo and Juliet layered over a real historic event.

In order for a piece of art to hold significance or persuasion for an audience, according to Aristotle, it must have grounding in reality. See the Poetics by Aristotle - Translated by S. H. Butcher (e-book)

 



THEATRE APPRECIATION

 

War Horse

Red is a play by written by John Logan about the artist Mark Rothko. The original production was directed by Michael Grandage, performed by Alfred Molina as Rothko, and Eddie Redmayne as his assistant Ken.

Doubt by John Patrick Shanley

 


ONLINE BOOKS


- Pulitzer Prize Winning Drama

- Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

- Poetics by Aristotle - Translated by S. H. Butcher
 


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